What is the name of the molten rock that is found deep inside volcanoes?

Magma Click to see the answer

The mineral 'galena' is the most important source of which metal?

Lead

Which of these soil types does NOT contain any rock particles?

Peat

Which two colors make up the naturally occurring gemstone known as 'watermelon tourmaline'?

Green and pink

After two defeats, which European Ryder Cup captain bounced back in 1995 with a memorable victory on US soil?

Bernard Gallacher

What color is the gemstone 'peridot'?

Green

In 1587, who was the first child born to English parents on American soil?

Virginia Dare Click to see the answer

On which continent is the Great Rift Valley?

Africa

Which of these rocks is hard and impermeable?

Marble

Earthworms in the soil help to do what?

Mix the nutrient

What is the name of the cells which take up water from the soil?

Root hair cells

What name is given to the wearing away of rocks and soil?

Erosion

Which rock forms the greater part of the White Cliffs of Dover?

Chalk

What is the name for dark volcanic glass?

Obsidian

What color is the gemstone 'jet'?

Black

Soil below the surface of a tundra that remains frozen permanently is called what?

Permafrost Click to see the answer

Which is the only type of rock that floats?

Pumice

What type of rock is cooled lava from a volcano?

Igneous

Which of these rocks is the hardest?

Granite

Which tectonic plate lies between the Pacific Plate and the South American Plate?

Nazca Plate

What color is the peridot stone?

Green

What name is given to any naturally occurring chemical found in the Earth?

Mineral

What name is given to the semi-molten rock found in the Earth's mantle?

Magma

Which of these does not drain as well as the others?

Clay soil

Which rock consists of quartz, feldspar and mica crystals?

Granite

Which of these is a precious stone?

Diamond

Growing plants without soil is called what?

Hydroponics

In what sort of rock do most caves occur?

Limestone

Which geographical feature can consist of vents, side pipes and a magma chamber?

Volcano

The soil type in deciduous woodlands is what?

Brown soil

In science, what 'L' is a type of fertile soil consisting of sand, silt, clay, and organic material?

Loam

Sapphire is usually which color?

Blue

By mass, what percentage of the Earth's crust is made up of just 8 elements?

98%

How many times have Brazil won the World Cup on European soil?

Once

Which of these processes is responsible for America's Monument Valley?

Erosion Click to see the answer

Which of these is the name of a type of soil?

Loam

What stone is only mined in Mount Kilimanjaro?

Tanzanite

How much more powerful is an earthquake that measures 6 on the Richter scale than one that measures 5?

x 10

By mass, which element makes up 26 per cent of the Earth's crust?

Silicon

Which gemstone can be blue, orange, yellow or colorless?

Topaz

What name is given to a volcano that is made up of layers of volcanic ash and that has a steep, conical shape?

Cinder volcano Click to see the answer

Which of these is a taiga soil?

Podsol

Which country produced almost all known diamonds until 1725?

India

Which name is given to a form of rich soil?

Loam

What sort of stone is the Derbyshire gorge, Dovedale, formed out of?

Limestone

Which of these is NOT a cause of erosion of rocks and soil?

Fire

What abrasive rock is produced by gases frothing in volcanic lava?

Pumice

What name is given to the useless stony minerals that occur with a metallic ore?

Gangue

The gemstones rhodochrosite and almandine are always shades of which color?

Pink

What color is the distinctive lapis lazuli gemstone?

Blue Click to see the answer

Which two elements make up the greater part of the Earth's inner core?

Iron and nickel

What type of rocks form when hot, liquid rock from deep in the earth cools and becomes solid?

Igneous

Where would you find the extinct volcano, Olympus Mons?

Mars

What sort of rock makes up the walls of the Grand Canyon?

Sedimentary

The mineral 'cubic zirconium' can be cut and polished to look like which precious stone?

Diamond

In the earth's structure, what is the name for the sharp boundary between the crust and the mantle?

Moho

Which of these types of coal occurs deepest in the ground?

Anthracite

What do you call a person who studies rocks?

Geologist

What word is used to describe the energy obtained from the Earth's interior?

Geothermal energy

What do biostratigraphers do?

Analyze rock samples

Rocks emit which kind of radiation?

Gamma

After oxygen and silicon, by mass, what is the most abundant element in the Earth's Crust?

Aluminum

By mass, which of these elements is the second most common element on Earth ?

Silicon

What name is given to the scale of hardness of minerals on which Talc registers 1 and Diamond registers 10?

Moh's Scale

By mass, which gas is most common in the compounds that make up the Earth's Crust?

Oxygen

Amorphous means what in the world in geology?

Without shape

What is the name given to the ancient remains of living things preserved in rocks?

Fossils Click to see the answer

The word geology orginates from which language?

Greek

Rocks are broken down by the elements by what gradual process?

Weathering

Which of these planets is made up of gas rather than rocks?

Jupiter

Petrology is the study of rocks from which perspective?

Chemical

In maritime navigation, what name is given to an area of rocks just below the surface of the sea?

Reef

What name is given to molten rocks thrown out by a volcano?

Lava Click to see the answer

A break in the sequence of sedimentary rocks, usually seen as an eroded surface, is called... what?

Unconformity

Which country in the North Atlantic ocean is built entirely of volcanic rocks?

Iceland

Which color indicates that soil is rich in organic matter?

Black

What is the name of the study of rocks and the earth's crust?

Geology

Which of these increases the nitrogen compounds in soil?

Lightening

In geology, what are the distinct layers into which sedimentary rocks are divided?

Strata

Moonstone is a pearly variety of which of these rocks?

Feldspar

What piece of equipment is used to break up clods of soil and to cover seeds after sowing?

Harrow

What term is used for the part of the soil that is always frozen in cold climates?

Permafrost

When studying rocks and soils, which of these could you use to separate small particles from bigger ones?

Sieve

Columbus is the state capital of which U.S.A. state?

Texas

Columbia is the capital of which American state?

South Carolina

What element makes up most of the weight of water and about half the weight of most rocks?

Oxygen